Kidney stones

Kidney stones can cause pain and trouble urinating. This guide explains the causes, symptoms, and treatments to help anyone dealing with this condition or supporting a loved one.

This chapter contains general information about kidney stones. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: July 2025

Reviewed by: 

  • Dr. Amelia Pietropaolo (YAU Working Group on Endourology & Urolithiasis)
  • Dr. Riccardo Lombardo (Guideline Panel on Urinary Incontinence)