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Radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. This page explains how it works, when it’s used, and what to expect during and after treatment.

When is radiotherapy used?

Radiotherapy may be used:

  • As a main treatment for high intermediary and high risk localised or locally advanced cancer
  • After surgery if needed
  • To relieve symptoms in advanced cancer

Radiotherapy uses high energy x-ray beams (radiation) to destroy cancer cells. Radiotherapy treatment is painless, but there are side effects caused by radiotherapy treatments that may cause you problems. Your doctor will discuss your options and the possible side effects with you. There are two different types of radiotherapy.

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

Sometimes EBRT and brachytherapy are combined.

Possible side effects

  • Urinary urgency or frequency
  • Bowel irritation
  • Fatigue
  • Erectile dysfunction

Many side effects improve after treatment.

Radiotherapy with hormone therapy

For high-intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer, radiotherapy is often combined with hormone therapy to improve outcomes.

Follow this link to learn more about hormone therapy for prostate cancer.

This chapter contains general information about radiotherapy for prostate cancer. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

The creation of this chapter was funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals. Its content has been independently developed and approved by the EAU Patient Office.

Last updated: February 2026

Reviewed by: 

  • Dr. Nikolaos Grivas (Guideline Panel on Prostate Cancer)
  • Mr. Eamonn Rogers (Patient Office Chairman)
  • Dr. Erik Briers (Patient Office EPAG)