Ablation therapy for kidney cancer

Ablation therapy doesn’t require major surgery. Doctors use it to treat small tumours in the kidney. Before ablation, a biopsy is usually performed to take a small sample of the tumour. This sample is examined to confirm the type of tumour and how aggressive it is (the tumour grade). This helps your doctor decide whether ablation is the right treatment for you.

The goal of ablation is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible. This treatment works by either heating or freezing the cancer cells to kill them.

It is usually recommended only for small tumours (less than 3-4 cm) and in patients who are not good candidates for surgery because of age or other health issues.

Common types of ablation include:

• Cryoablation: uses very cold temperatures to freeze and destroy abnormal tumour.
• High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU): uses focused sound waves to heat and destroy tumour.
• Radiofrequency ablation: uses heat from radio waves to kill abnormal tumour.

These treatments are less invasive, but the chance of the cancer coming back can be higher than with surgery that removes the tumour. Your doctor will discuss the pros and cons with you, including effectiveness and risks, to help choose the best treatment for your situation.

This chapter contains general information about ablation therapy for kidney cancer. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: July 2026

Reviewed by (2026 update): 

• Ms. Rose Woodward (EAU Guidelines Panel on Renal Cell Cancer)
• Dr. Stephanie Bonn (EAU Guidelines Panel on Renal Cell Cancer)